The Serra do Mar is a mountain range that stretches for approximately 1,500 kilometers along the southeastern and southern coast of Brazil, from the state of Rio de Janeiro to the north of Santa Catarina. It holds enormous geological value, with remarkable diversity and richness in its fauna and flora.

The region belongs to the Brazilian Crystalline Complex and is mainly composed of granite and gneiss. It is also a Historical Heritage site of the state of São Paulo, where it runs along the entire coastline. The topography of the Serra do Mar results from several factors, such as differences in rock resistance, faulting of the terrain, and successive climate changes. In some stretches, the Serra do Mar appears as steep cliffs, while in others, it consists of marginal mountain ranges. Its altitudes vary between 500 and 2,300 meters above sea level.

The Serra dos Órgãos marks the edge of the Serra do Mar mountain system in the state of Rio de Janeiro and features the highest peaks of the entire range. Among them are Pedra do Sino in Teresópolis (2,255 m), Pico da Caledônia in Nova Friburgo (2,257 m), and the peaks of the Três Picos State Park, including Pico Maior de Friburgo, the highest point of the Serra do Mar at 2,366 meters.

The proximity of the mountains to the ocean in northern São Paulo is breathtaking, reaching its peak in Ubatuba. In the central region, the coastal plain narrows to just a few kilometers, while in the south, near Iguape, it widens to several dozen kilometers.

The Serra do Mar also includes the tallest mountains in the state of Paraná, such as Pico Paraná (1,922 m), Caratuva (1,856 m), Siririca (1,740 m), and Marumbi (1,551 m). Further south, other marginal mountain ranges appear, such as Iquiririm, located on the border between Paraná and Santa Catarina.

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